Set 05 — Topology & Geometry
Brouwer Fixed-Point Theorem Every continuous self-map of the closed unit ball \(\overline{B}^n\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) possesses at least one fixed point. The result is false for the open ball and also fails in infinite-dimensional Hilbert space without additional compactness assumptions.
One elegant proof proceeds by contradiction: a fixed-point-free map would yield a continuous retraction of the ball onto its boundary, contradicting the non-existence of such a retraction.
Invariance of Domain If \(U\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) is open and \(f:U\to\mathbb{R}^n\) is continuous and injective, then \(f(U)\) is open and \(f\) is a homeomorphism onto its image. Consequently dimension is a topological invariant of Euclidean spaces.
Gauss–Bonnet Theorem For a compact oriented Riemannian surface \(M\) without boundary one has \[ \int_M K\,dA=2\pi\chi(M), \] where \(K\) is the Gaussian curvature and \(\chi(M)\) is the Euler characteristic. The identity links a purely geometric integral to a purely topological invariant.
Hopf–Rinow Theorem On a connected Riemannian manifold the following are equivalent: (i) the manifold is geodesically complete, (ii) the exponential map is defined on the whole tangent space at every point, (iii) every closed bounded set is compact, (iv) the manifold is a complete metric space with respect to the Riemannian distance.
Whitney Embedding Theorem Every smooth \(n\)-dimensional manifold admits a smooth embedding into \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). A stronger version asserts that a smooth immersion into \(\mathbb{R}^{2n-1}\) always exists. The optimal ambient dimension is in general sharp.
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In SI units, the coulomb is defined such that the value of the elementary charge is exactly e = 1.602176634×10−19 C.[1][3] Since the 2019 revision of the SI, the seven SI base units are defined in terms of seven fundamental physical constants, of which the elementary charge is one.


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Chart.js

slack

Installation

You can download the latest version of Chart.js from the GitHub releases or use a Chart.js CDN. Detailed installation instructions can be found on the installation page.

Creating a Chart

It's easy to get started with Chart.js. All that's required is the script included in your page along with a single <canvas> node to render the chart.

In this example, we create a bar chart for a single dataset and render that in our page. You can see all the ways to use Chart.js in the usage documentation.

<canvas id="myChart" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
<script>
var ctx = document.getElementById('myChart').getContext('2d');
var myChart = new Chart(ctx, {
    type: 'bar',
    data: {
        labels: ['Red', 'Blue', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Purple', 'Orange'],
        datasets: [{
            label: '# of Votes',
            data: [12, 19, 3, 5, 2, 3],
            backgroundColor: [
                'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.2)',
                'rgba(54, 162, 235, 0.2)',
                'rgba(255, 206, 86, 0.2)',
                'rgba(75, 192, 192, 0.2)',
                'rgba(153, 102, 255, 0.2)',
                'rgba(255, 159, 64, 0.2)'
            ],
            borderColor: [
                'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)',
                'rgba(54, 162, 235, 1)',
                'rgba(255, 206, 86, 1)',
                'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)',
                'rgba(153, 102, 255, 1)',
                'rgba(255, 159, 64, 1)'
            ],
            borderWidth: 1
        }]
    },
    options: {
        scales: {
            yAxes: [{
                ticks: {
                    beginAtZero: true
                }
            }]
        }
    }
});
</script>